Symptoms
You may have urge incontinence if you:
- Urinate at least eight times a day or two or more times at night-time
- Have sudden, intense need to urinate or an overwhelming sense of pressure
- Experience occasional leakage, particularly after having a strong need to void
Causes and Risk Factors
The bladder can usually contain about 300 cc. before triggering the nerves that signal the urge to empty the organ. Sphincter muscles around the opening can remain tightly closed much longer, however. In fact, the average adult bladder can hold up to 600 cc. of urine. In a person with urge incontinence, the ability to hold urine is diminished, and he or she may experience a sudden, strong need to urinate even when only a small amount of urine is present.
Although there is often no known cause, you may be at a higher risk if you drink too much fluid, have too much caffeine or have nerve problems such as those caused by diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord injury or stroke. Other risk factors include being elderly, suffering from dementia, having had multiple pregnancies or having an enlarged prostate or prostate surgery.
Treatments
Your doctor may suggest a complete physical to identify any underlying problems. Medications are available that can help alleviate the pressure and discomfort. Exercises that strengthen the pelvic floor can help you hold your urine longer and reduce the incidence of leakage. Some lifestyle changes may be appropriate, particularly if your diet is contributing to the problem. Rarely, surgery may be necessary to correct structural abnormalities.