Parkinson’s disease is a nervous system disorder. It often begins with a mild tremor in one hand, but it can progress to more serious and widespread trembling, muscle stiffness and slow movement. The earliest stages of of the condition may affect facial expressions, balance or speech patterns, and there are often marked differences from one side of the body to the other. The condition progresses over time, and although it cannot be cured, medications can help manage symptoms.
Scientists do not fully understand yet what causes the onset of Parkinson’s disease. However, several factors may be involved. In some cases, the condition is hereditary: A family may have a specific genetic mutation that leaves them more vulnerable to developing Parkinson’s disease. Environmental triggers can also play a role. Early and ongoing exposure to toxins such as pesticides and herbicides can increase a person’s risk.
Other risk factors include:
• Being older than 55
Although Parkinson’s disease can affect younger people, it most commonly begins in mid- or late life.
• Being male
The female gender is less likely to develop Parkinson’s disease than the male gender is.
• Ethnic background
Those of Caucasian or Hispanic descent appear to be at a higher risk than those of other ethnic backgrounds.
• A history of head trauma
Researchers have noted an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease among survivors of traumatic brain injury.
One-sided trembling, muscle stiffness, abnormal speech patterns and other symptoms should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible. There are no tests to diagnose Parkinson’s disease. However, your doctor will consider your medical history, evaluate your symptoms and order tests to rule out other conditions. Routine appointments can help catch early signs of the condition so that you and your doctor can work out a treatment program that will minimize your symptoms and preserve your quality of life.