Trigeminal neuralgia, which is also known as TN or tic douloureux, is a condition that affects the nerves that carry messages from your face to your brain. It can cause chronic pain that is triggered by even minor touching or stimulation of the face. It most commonly occurs after 50 and in women, and it can include short bursts of tingling or stinging, which often comes and goes. As the condition progresses, the pain can become severe and prolonged.
The discomfort is generally preceded by a trigger, which may include shaving, applying makeup, attending to hygiene, eating, drinking, brushing your teeth or smiling. Symptoms may include occasional twinges, numb sensation, stabbing sensations, sensations of electric shock or burns, one-sided facial pain and bouts of pain that can occur for a few seconds to several days or weeks. The symptoms can be widespread or focused in one area, but the attacks generally become more intense and frequent over time. If your doctor suspects that you have TN, he or she may diagnose it based on your symptoms. An MRI or neurological examination may also be recommended to rule out other more serious conditions. However, the condition can be hard to diagnose.
Several factors can contribute to the onset of TN. In some cases, blood vessels or a tumor puts excessive pressure on the nerves of the face so that they can't function appropriately. It may also develop as a result of aging. Multiple sclerosis and other myelin-sheath disorders may be associated with trigeminal neuralgia. Although the condition can trigger fear and extreme discomfort, there is no threat of loss of life. However, identifying underlying conditions can reduce the risk of further complications.
Medications are often the first line of treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Doctors often recommend medications that can block the signals from your nerve to your brain. Anticonvulsants and antispasmodic agents may also be recommended. Alternative treatments may also provide relief to patients. Biofeedback, nutritional therapy and acupuncture have all been helpful for some who are struggling with TN.