Ligament injuries, or sprains, occur when the tissues holding the bones in place are stretched excessively or torn. Sprains can be painful and debilitating. They can occur in any of the joints but are more common in the knees and shoulders. The limb may be swollen and tender, and there may be significant pain and bruising along with instability.
Because ligaments have poor blood supply, they can take longer to heal. After the injury, specialized cells, or fibroblasts, will begin to repair the damaged tissues, and blood vessels begin to form. This remodeling can last up to 3 weeks. While mild to moderate injuries may repair themselves without intervention, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the sprain can speed healing and reduce the risk of complications.
RICE
This memorable acronym can remind you to rest, ice, compress and elevate. Resting the joint can reduce the strain on it while ice and elevation can decrease swelling and water retention, pain and inflammation. Compression can add necessary pressure to control swelling and discomfort. You may need to wear a brace when participating in your daily activities, and anti-inflammatory medications can keep you comfortable.
Diet
Your body functions better when it has access to the nutrition it needs. If you are recovering from an injury, you may need to add certain foods to your daily diet. Wheat germ, which can boost muscle oxygenation, can be sprinkled over hot cereals. Vitamin E, which is found in avocados, nuts and whole grains, can help reduce scarring. Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation and promote flexibility. Another anti-inflammatory nutrient is possibly vitamin C, which can also combat swelling and pain. Try snacking on oranges, pineapples and strawberries.
Medical Treatment
Moderate to severe injuries may require more active management. If the ligament has been torn completely, surgery may be necessary to repair the ligament and reattach it to the bone. Physical therapy strengthens the affected joint.
Recovery time can vary based on the severity of the injury and can take up to a year. Although it can be difficult to alter your lifestyle, you should not return to your previous activity levels until your doctor clears you or you feel no pain in the joint when you move it or use it, you have no more swelling and your injured joint feels as strong as the unaffected joint. Returning to your normal activity level too soon can result in more injury and permanent damage.