The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland that is located in the front of the neck. It releases hormones that controls widespread functions and regulates your heart rate, your body’s temperature and your body’s ability to use energy. When this gland is underactive, or does not make enough hormone, your metabolism can become sluggish, and you may experience a variety of symptoms. You may also be at an increased risk of obesity.
Several factors are associated with the development of hypothyroidism, including surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, radioactive iodine treatment, pregnancy and insufficient iodine intake. You may be at an increased risk as you grow older, if you are female, if your hair turned prematurely gray, if you are white or Asian and if you have an autoimmune disease such as type 1 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms of an underactive thyroid include abnormal menstruation, dry hair or hair loss, dry skin, constipation, depression, increased cold sensitivity, reduced heart rate, goiter, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, fatigue and carpal tunnel syndrome. If your doctor suspects that you have an underactive thyroid gland, he or she will perform blood tests to determine your levels of T4, T3 and TSH. Your doctor may also test your pituitary gland function, and an ultrasound of the area may be recommended.
Hormone replacement using synthetic forms of the hormone will usually be prescribed if your doctor detects abnormal function. Regular blood tests will be needed to ensure that you are using the correct dose of medication for your needs. Without being treated, you may be at a higher risk of developing obesity, heart problems, joint problems and infertility. In some cases, the condition can become life-threatening.
Hypothyroidism is a common disorder that affects many, but it can be easily managed with the right treatment. Your medical provider can provide you with an accurate diagnosis and help you understand your various treatment options.